[419] Other professional teams in London are Queens Park Rangers, Brentford, Millwall, Charlton Athletic, AFC Wimbledon, Leyton Orient, Barnet, Sutton United, Bromley and Dagenham & Redbridge. Coates suggested that this was a name given to the part of the River Thames which flows through London; from this, the settlement gained the Celtic form of its name, *Lowonidonjon. [188] The previous record high was 38 °C (100 °F) in August 1911 at the Greenwich station. Gangs of London is a British action–crime drama television series produced by Pulse Films & Sister, following struggles between rival gangs and other criminal organisations in present-day London. [408][409] Hampstead Heath incorporates Kenwood House, a former stately home and a popular location in the summer months when classical musical concerts are held by the lake, attracting thousands of people every weekend to enjoy the music, scenery and fireworks. [208] The surrounding East London area saw much of London's early industrial development; now, brownfield sites throughout the area are being redeveloped as part of the Thames Gateway including the London Riverside and Lower Lea Valley, which was developed into the Olympic Park for the 2012 Olympics and Paralympics. [238], According to the Office for National Statistics, based on the 2011 Census estimates, 59.8 per cent of the 8,173,941 inhabitants of London were White, with 44.9 per cent White British, 2.2 per cent White Irish, 0.1 per cent gypsy/Irish traveller and 12.1 per cent classified as Other White. Retail businesses were once important, but have gradually moved to the West End of London, though it is now Corporation policy to encourage retailing in some locations, for example at Cheapside near St Paul's. It then turns south-west, crossing the Minories so as to exclude the Tower of London, and then reaches the river. [210] The density of London varies, with high employment density in the central area and Canary Wharf, high residential densities in inner London, and lower densities in Outer London. The earliest attested appears in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, written around 1136. It existed until 1853, when the Hanseatic cities of Lübeck, Bremen and Hamburg sold the property to South Eastern Railway. [259], The majority of British Jews live in London, with significant Jewish communities in Stamford Hill, Stanmore, Golders Green, Finchley, Hampstead, Hendon and Edgware in North London. [282] Most of this cargo passes through the Port of Tilbury, outside the boundary of Greater London.[282]. [139] The London Air Ambulance charity operates in conjunction with the LAS where required. [335][better source needed] Since June 2008, Transport for London has completely owned Tramlink. [84] Mercantilism grew, and monopoly trading companies such as the East India Company were established, with trade expanding to the New World. The City has many pubs, bars and restaurants, and the "night-time" economy does feature in the Bishopsgate area, towards Shoreditch. This was adapted into Latin as Londinium and borrowed into Old English, the ancestor-language of English. [248], Important national and royal ceremonies are shared between St Paul's and Westminster Abbey. The principal reason given by successive UK governments for retaining this mechanism for giving businesses representation, is that the City is "primarily a place for doing business". Because of its prominent global role, London's economy had been affected by the financial crisis of 2007–2008. Islington • [322][323] Clapham Junction is the busiest station in Europe by the number of trains passing. Although the majority of journeys in central London are made by public transport, car travel is common in the suburbs. It is thought that this temperature, if accurate, is one of the highest temperatures of the millennium in the United Kingdom. Lewisham • [130] During the Brexit referendum in 2016, the UK as a whole decided to leave the European Union, but a majority of London constituencies voted to remain in the EU. The City has its own independent police force, the City of London Police—the Common Council (the main body of the Corporation) is the police authority. [263][264], London's gross regional product in 2018 was almost £500 billion, around a quarter of UK GDP. Guildhall Library, and City Business Library are also public reference libraries, specialising in the history of London and business reference resources. [379], London has been the setting for many works of literature.
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